Kim 22 clamp force pressure required total force projected area times injection pressure a x p rule of thumb 4 to 5 tonsin2 can be used for most plastics. This book is for people involved in working with plastic material and plastic fabricating processes. An item made out of plastic is recycled into a different product, which usually cannot be recycled again. Plastic processing machines, injection molding, extrusion. Cooling so that it retains its shape polymer processing.
Materials and processing, 3rd edition, prentice hall, 2006. Typical reactions for chain assembling are polyaddition continuous or step wise and condensation polymerization polycondensation 1 figure 1. Plastics processing plastics can be machined, cast, formed, and joined with relative ease requiring little postprocessing or surfacefinish operations plastics melt or cure at relative low temperatures plastics require less energy to process than metals raw materials most commonly are pellets, powders. Trantina, design with plastics, materials selection and design, volume 20, asm handbook, asm international, 1997, pages 639 to 647 the key to any successful part development is the proper choice of material, process. Proper material storage, handling, drying and machine feed conditions must be maintained in order to ensure consistency in the manufacturing of high quality injection molded parts. Plastic product material and process selection handbook. Ii materials processing and manufacturing technologies h. In several cases, a full fledged processing science approach was utilized, in which the material was fully characterized in terms of microstructural and flow behavior, the proposed processing. Plastics processing plastics can be machined, cast, formed, and joined with relative ease requiring little post processing or surfacefinish operations plastics melt or cure at relative low temperatures plastics require less energy to process than metals raw materials most commonly are pellets, powders. Other errors have also been reported in the lists of plastic materials inside the front and back covers. Overmolding is the injection molding process where one material usually a tpe is molded onto a second material typically a rigid plastic. Learners will develop an understanding of plastics processing techniques for thermoplastic and thermoset materials.
Ppe offers the worlds largest variety of accessories for the plastics industry. This unit also builds on the polymer processing covered in the basic polymer technology unit. Iso 14001, specifications, recycling, unit cost, raw material cost type of module. The plastic and packaging material used by okw are on the whole harmless and, apart from some exceptions, can easily be recycled and reutilized. The first module deals with phase diagrams charts that tell us how a material will behave given a certain set of variables such as temperature, pressure, and composition. Nature of material size of final product in general, plastics processes have three phases. A plastic is a polymeric material that is in a semiliquid state, having the property of plasticity and exhibiting flow. For chemically resistant plastic, view our chemical resistance of. Product engineers can literally design the performance characteristics tensile and impact. For students, and as an introduction to polymer pdftk toolkit. It is the customers sole responsibility to test materials to determine their suitability in their particular. Whether you need a few pellets or a few pounds, optimize color and additive feeding with conairs easytouse gravimetric feeders or economical volumetric feeders.
Professional plastics cannot guarantee any material for your particular application. Machining and processing of engineering materials unit code a6151481 unit level 4 credit value 15 introduction practical articles that we see and use every day such as automobiles, aircraft, trains, and even the cans we use to store our food, came from the ideas and visions of engineers and designers. The main method used for processing plastic is injection molding. Plastics processing manual cipet jaipur slideshare. This section will discuss the equations that govern the strains, ana lyze the factor of temperature based on experimental data, and calcu. Industrial materials are defined as those used in the manufacture of hard goods, such as more or less durable machines and equipment produced for industry and consumers, as contrasted with disposable soft goods, such as chemicals, foodstuffs. Laserclad layers of 316l using gasatomized particles left and wateratomized particles right. This paper presents an overview of the plastic material selection process, with specific emphasis on the unique requirements of. Materials and processes, leading to the subset which best matches the. Polymer manufacturing department of higher education. Selection of a process depends on many factors including. This unit builds on the concepts of plastics technology and provides an opportunity to develop knowledge of plastics processing methods. The hopper then feeds the plastic into a heated injection unit, where it is pushed through a long chamber with a reciprocating screw.
We have all the molding supplies you need, from sprays and screw tips to hose and safety products. Other names of pom are polyformaldehyde, polymethylene glycol, polyoxymethylene glycol. Plastics material data sheets sortable compare materials. It fully discusses both materials and manufacturing processes in a carefullyconstructed and logical presentation. Variations may occur as far as cases and technical parts are concerned. Wpcs are a combination of a thermoplastic matrix and a wood component, the former is usually polyethylene recycled or polypropylene, and the latter a wood processing. Plastics are a versatile category of materials, with thousands of polymer options, each with. The scope of the report includes assessing market potential, negotiating with collaborators. Low diffusion coefficient makes pet much more suitable than other plastic materials for use as a recovered, recycled material. The plastic properties on pages 222223 are exclusively applicable for the specified standard test pieces. Polymers is a general term for all plastic materials and means that they are organic. Mcshane encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 6. Packing pressure injection pressure inside mold usually 1,000 psi to 5,000 psi lower than hold and pack pressure between 10,000psi and 20,000 psi.
Impact strength obtained from the notchimpact test. Plastic product material and process selection handbook 1st. Materials processing and manufacturing technologies. The use of special additivesplasticizers that facilitate processing and increase its plasticity poses a serious problemin recent years almost 90% of the plasticizer products produced worldwide. Monomers are joined together end to end in a polymerization reaction. Jones plugs and sockets, compatible with cinch series 300. Such is the case, for instance, with a roomtemperaturecuring epoxy or polyester compound. Plastics require less energy to process than metals. Injection molded parts exhibit the greatest anisotropy properties are directionally dependent. Depending on application and material type, variations are possible.
Feeders unbeatable accuracy, increased productivity, reduced material costs. It consists of the injector machine and related mechanism which melts. Viscosity is important in polymer processing because most of the polymer. Save money by accurately metering additives directly into the material stream at the machine feed throat. Plastics melt or cure at relative low temperatures. Compression process in which material is forced to flow. One of the best sources for the most recent raw materials cost information is from plastics technology magazine and their website. A new building material known as wood plastic composites s has wpc emerged. The information and data in this book are provided as a comparative guide to help in understanding the performance of plastics and in making the decisions that must be made when developing a logical approach to fabricating plastic products to meet performance requirements at the lowest costs. Unesco eolss sample chapters materials science and engineering vol.
Also, you may want to use our plastic material selection guide or interactive thermoplastics triangle to assist with the material selection process based on your application requirements. For courses in plastics, materials and manufacturing found in departments of mechanical, industrial or manufacturing technology or engineering. How to choose the right plastic manufacturing process. An overview of the plastic material selection process for medical devices. Also the actual surface of the plastic will be slightly hotter than the interior of the sheet. Polyacetal, also known as acetal or polyoxymethylene pom, is a formaldehydebased, semicrystalline engineering thermoplastic containing the functional group of a carbon bonded to two or groups. Example, part is 10 in by 10 in by 1 in projected area surface area 10 in x 10 in 100 in2 injection pressure 15,000 psi for pc. Classroom or computer aided design lab demonstration time required. Compare various plastic materials using specific property and design criteria.
University of wisconsinmadison, polymer processing research group. Click on any of the headers below to expand the category. Raw material cost per part part volume x raw material cost per unit volume. Typical properties only, not minimum or actual values. Select two or more materials and then press compare materials. An outstanding and thorough presentation of the complete field of plastics processing. Plastic, polymeric material that has the capability of being molded or shaped. From process to process, many material choices remain the same. The following plastic materials processing guideline chart identifies typical materials and the recommended process temperature for each from their manufacturers. Manufacturing properties of engineering materials lecture notes. This course picks up with an overview of basic thermodynamics and kinetics as they pertain to the processing of crystalline materials. The use of special additivesplasticizers that facilitate processing and increase its plasticity poses a serious problemin recent years almost 90%. This book is designed to introduce plastics to a wide range of students who need to either gain, improve, or refresh their knowledge of plastic materials. Click the down or up arrows triangles or column headings to sort plastic materials or material properties.
The organization of the book makes it convenient to use as a reference. View plastic materials found under a specific property group. Gravimetric and volumetric feeders for plastic processing. Buckets, automobile parts, crates, tanks, pipes, bottles, carry bags, ropes, profiles etc. However, there are physical property differences based upon the processing technique used to make the shape. Temper brittleness a feature of some materials, which causes the material to become more brittle after tempering. The highest value of shear stress a material can withstand before plastic deformation occurs. Plastic processing technique plastic processing can be defined as the process of converting the plastics raw material into semifinished products. With this process, the plastic is placed into a hopper. Inclusion of many new topicssuch as conductive polymers, nano technology, biodegradable polymers, biobased raw materials, twinsheet thermoforming, and health considerations of plasticizers. Manufacturers of plastic processing equipment and machines including plastic injection molding machines, extrusion machines, blow moulding and vacuum forming and other plastic machinery and equipments.
B apply cost principles to manufacturing processes and management. This property of plasticity, often found in combination with other special properties such as low density, low electrical conductivity, transparency, and toughness, allows plastics to be made into a great variety of products. Materials and processing 3rd edition the effect of uv light and weather on plastics and elastomers, third edition plastics design library fatigue and tribological properties of plastics. An overview of the plastic material selection process for medical devices february 20 the d. Injection unit initial injection pressure applied to the molten plastic and resulting from the main hydraulic pressure pushing against the back end of the injection screw or plunger. The diameter of fibers is characterized in dtex, a unit of linear density corresponding to the weight in grams of a 10,000meter length of the fiber the same units. Products and applications guide total plastics, inc. Plastic material properties table mechanical, physical. Poly means many meros means partsunits thus polymers are composed of a large number of repeating units called monomers. I doubt that softcover book will long withstand the rigors of lab use. Injection molding machines differ in both injection unit. Select the right material for your application by using our sortable material data sheets. Industrial materials are defined as those used in the manufacture of hard goods, such as more or less durable machines and equipment produced for industry and consumers, as contrasted with disposable soft goods, such as chemicals.
This book is designed to introduce plastics to a wide range of students who need to either gain, improve, or refresh their knowledge of plastic materials and manufacturing. A new building material known as woodplastic composites s has wpc emerged. Feb 25, 2016 to summarizz polymers are any material made u17 0f ml9 lntrodut. When you remove the plastic from the oven, the surface of the sheet will cool off very quickly so you do not have much time to actually form the material, usually only seconds. Always check with the material manufacturer for their. Plastic materials and processing linkedin slideshare. Plastic recycling is the process of recovering different types of plastic material in order to reprocess them into varied other products, unlike their original form. An overview of the plastic material selection process for. Iplastic windshield protective film 565 chapter 11 extrusion 363 chapter 15 rotational. Introduces coverage of important changes to the world of plastics that will keep students uptodate. Materials processing, the series of operations that transforms industrial materials from a rawmaterial state into finished parts or products. Handbook of plastic processes is the only comprehensive reference covering not just one, but all major processes used to produce plastic productshelping designers and manufacturers in selecting the best process for a given product while enabling users to better understand the performance characteristics of.
Plastics engineering encompasses plastics material and plastic machinery. It is also very unfortunate that there is not a hardbound version of the third edition. Thermoplastic and thermoset melt processes are broken into. The higher density structure right is attributed to reversal of marangoni convection in the melt pool due to slightly different chemistry of the powder associated with the atomization method. Next you actually drape the hot plastic sheet over the mold. Wpcs are a combination of a thermoplastic matrix and a wood component, the former is usually polyethylene recycled or polypropylene, and the latter a wood processing residual, e. Plastic machinery is the general term for all types of machinery and devices.
Guide to manufacturing processes for plastics formlabs. Plastics engineering encompasses the processing, design, development, and manufacture of plastics products. Complete plastic data sheets for engineering parts design. Use our interactive properties table below to explore by property group, sort, or compare two or more plastic materials. Appendicesadded appendices on properties of engineering materials. If properly selected,the overmolded tpe will form a strong bond with the plastic that is maintained in the enduse environment. Psc makes substantial efforts to assure the accuracy of this data. Polyethylene terephthalate or pet products are 100% recyclable and is the most recycled plastic worldwide. An overview of the plastic material selection process for medical devices february 20. The information and data in this book are provided as a comparative guide to help in understanding the performance of plastics and in making the decisions that must be made when developing a logical approach to fabricating plastic products to meet performance.
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